C-SPAN 2 TV Schedule

U.S. Senate New

Series • 1996

Gavel-to-gavel coverage of the U.S. Senate from the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

The Hearing Room New

Series • 2026

Fired FBI Agents Testify on 2020 Election Investigation

Episode 82

A fired FBI agent testifies before a Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Arctic Frost investigation, an investigation that looked into efforts to overturn the 2020 election results and subsequently involved surveillance of senators.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

The Hearing Room

Series • 2026

Fired FBI Agents Testify on 2020 Election Investigation

Episode 82

A fired FBI agent testifies before a Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Arctic Frost investigation, an investigation that looked into efforts to overturn the 2020 election results and subsequently involved surveillance of senators.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Prime Minister’s Questions New

Series • 1998

The British Prime Minister answers questions from members of Parliament in the House of Commons.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Prime Minister’s Questions New

Series • 2026

03/25/2026

Episode 11

British Prime Minister Keir Starmer fields questions from members of the House of Commons during the weekly Prime Minister's Questions.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

U.S. Senate New

Series • 1996

Gavel-to-gavel coverage of the U.S. Senate from the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

U.S. Senate New

Series • 1996

Gavel-to-gavel coverage of the U.S. Senate from the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

U.S. Senate New

Series • 1996

Gavel-to-gavel coverage of the U.S. Senate from the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

U.S. Senate New

Series • 1996

Gavel-to-gavel coverage of the U.S. Senate from the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

U.S. Senate New

Series • 1996

Gavel-to-gavel coverage of the U.S. Senate from the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Lectures in History New

Series • 2026

2002 George W. Bush Speech Justifying Military Action in Iraq

Episode 10

The October 2002 speech by George W. Bush making the case for military action in Iraq is the topic of a class taught by University of Kansas political communication professor Robert Rowland.

Reel America

Series • 2026

Lady Marines - 1944

Episode 15

Twentieth century archival films on public affairs.

The Presidency

Series • 2013

Hear from presidents and first ladies, and learn about their politics, policies, and legacies.

American History TV

Series • 2009

People and events that help document the American story.

Reel America New

Series • 2026

Preparing for Military Service - 1951

Episode 17

Twentieth century archival films on public affairs.

America 250

Series • 2026

Young Adults on America's Future

Season 1 • Episode 121

Young adults representing Generation Z gather to mark America's 250th anniversary and discuss their vision for the future. The event is part of a national program called Youth250 and is held at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia.

America 250 New

Series • 2026

Generational Panel Discussion on America

Season 1 • Episode 119

Young adults representing Generation Z gather to mark America's 250th anniversary and discuss their vision for the future. The event is part of a national program called Youth250 and is held at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia.

America 250

Series • 2026

Monticello's Andrew Davenport on Thomas Jefferson

Season 1 • Episode 110

Monticello's Andrew Davenport reflects on the life and legacy of Thomas Jefferson. His recorded essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to mark America's 250th birthday in 2026.

The Civil War New

Series • 2026

Tim McGrath, Three Roads to Gettysburg

Episode 16

Author Tim McGrath discusses how President Lincoln's unexpected choice of General George Meade to lead the Union Army at the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg changed the course of the Civil War.

Marc Carpenter, The War on Illahee

Special • 2026

Author Marc Carpenter discusses 1850s wars in the American Pacific Northwest to seize Native land for American settlers.

‘Sylvester Allen, Jr. & Belle Boggs, The Legend of Wyatt Outlaw New

Special • 2026

Authors Sylvester Allen, Jr. and Belle Boggs discussed Wyatt Outlaw, who was killed by the Ku Klux Klan in 1870 in an act of racial violence that triggered the Kirk-Holden War.

America 250 New

Series • 2026

Family Relationships During American Revolution

Season 1 • Episode 109

Historians talk about how family connections were maintained, disrupted, or severed due to upheaval during the American Revolution. The event is held at the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston.

America 250 New

Series • 2026

Historian Lindsay Chervinsky on John Quincy Adams

Season 1 • Episode 120

George Washington Presidential Library Executive Director Lindsay Chervinsky reflects on the life and legacy of John Quincy Adams. Her recorded essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to mark America's 250th birthday in 2026.

America 250 New

Series • 2026

Author Louisa Thomas on Louisa Adams

Season 1 • Episode 118

Author and New Yorker staff writer Louisa Thomas reflects on the life and legacy of Louisa Adams. Her essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to help mark America's 250th birthday, and is read by content producer Anne Fertig.

America 250

Series • 2026

Historian Stewart McLaurin on James Monroe

Season 1 • Episode 113

White House Historical Association President Stewart McLaurin reflects on the life and legacy of James Monroe. His recorded essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to mark America's 250th birthday in 2026.

Lectures in History

Series • 2026

2002 George W. Bush Speech Justifying Military Action in Iraq

Episode 10

The October 2002 speech by George W. Bush making the case for military action in Iraq is the topic of a class taught by University of Kansas political communication professor Robert Rowland.

Reel America

Series • 2026

Lady Marines - 1944

Episode 15

Twentieth century archival films on public affairs.

The Presidency

Series • 2013

Hear from presidents and first ladies, and learn about their politics, policies, and legacies.

American History TV

Series • 2009

People and events that help document the American story.

Reel America

Series • 2026

Preparing for Military Service - 1951

Episode 17

Twentieth century archival films on public affairs.

America 250

Series • 2026

Youth250 Conference

Season 1 • Episode 99

Young adults representing Generation Z gather to mark America's 250th anniversary and discuss their vision for the future. The event is part of a national program called Youth250 and is held at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia.

America 250

Series • 2026

Young Adults on America's Future

Season 1 • Episode 121

Young adults representing Generation Z gather to mark America's 250th anniversary and discuss their vision for the future. The event is part of a national program called Youth250 and is held at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia.

America 250

Series • 2026

Generational Panel Discussion on America

Season 1 • Episode 119

Young adults representing Generation Z gather to mark America's 250th anniversary and discuss their vision for the future. The event is part of a national program called Youth250 and is held at the National Constitution Center in Philadelphia.

America 250

Series • 2026

Monticello's Andrew Davenport on Thomas Jefferson

Season 1 • Episode 110

Monticello's Andrew Davenport reflects on the life and legacy of Thomas Jefferson. His recorded essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to mark America's 250th birthday in 2026.

The Civil War

Series • 2026

Tim McGrath, Three Roads to Gettysburg

Episode 16

Author Tim McGrath discusses how President Lincoln's unexpected choice of General George Meade to lead the Union Army at the 1863 Battle of Gettysburg changed the course of the Civil War.

Marc Carpenter, The War on Illahee

Special • 2026

Author Marc Carpenter discusses 1850s wars in the American Pacific Northwest to seize Native land for American settlers.

‘Sylvester Allen, Jr. & Belle Boggs, The Legend of Wyatt Outlaw

Special • 2026

Authors Sylvester Allen, Jr. and Belle Boggs discussed Wyatt Outlaw, who was killed by the Ku Klux Klan in 1870 in an act of racial violence that triggered the Kirk-Holden War.

America 250

Series • 2026

Family Relationships During American Revolution

Season 1 • Episode 109

Historians talk about how family connections were maintained, disrupted, or severed due to upheaval during the American Revolution. The event is held at the Massachusetts Historical Society in Boston.

America 250

Series • 2026

Historian Lindsay Chervinsky on John Quincy Adams

Season 1 • Episode 120

George Washington Presidential Library Executive Director Lindsay Chervinsky reflects on the life and legacy of John Quincy Adams. Her recorded essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to mark America's 250th birthday in 2026.

America 250

Series • 2026

Author Louisa Thomas on Louisa Adams

Season 1 • Episode 118

Author and New Yorker staff writer Louisa Thomas reflects on the life and legacy of Louisa Adams. Her essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to help mark America's 250th birthday, and is read by content producer Anne Fertig.

America 250

Series • 2026

Historian Stewart McLaurin on James Monroe

Season 1 • Episode 113

White House Historical Association President Stewart McLaurin reflects on the life and legacy of James Monroe. His recorded essay is part of a project called In Pursuit, commissioned to mark America's 250th birthday in 2026.

Dennis Prager, if There Is No God New

Special • 2026

Joel Alperson, assistant to Dennis Prager, talks about Mr. Prager's book on the battle between religious morality and secularism. Mr. Prager, who has been paralyzed from the neck down since 2024, provides a video statement.

Oliver James, Unread — A Memoir of Learning and Loving to Read on TikTok New

Special • 2026

Oliver James, who was functionally illiterate, describes learning to read at age 32 and documenting that journey on TikTok. Copperfield's Books in Petaluma, CA, hosts this event.

Q & A

Series • 2026

Author Nicholas Boggs on Writer James Baldwin's Life & Work

Episode 3

Nicholas Boggs discusses the personal life and activism of American writer James Baldwin (1924-1987). Mr. Boggs, who spent over 20 years working on James Baldwin: A Love Story, also talks about Baldwin's many books and life outside the United States.

Andrew Curran, Biography of a Dangerous Idea New

Special • 2026

Wesleyan University professor Andrew Curran discusses how the idea of race as a biological category was developed during the Enlightenment. Harvard Bookstore hosts this event.

Dr. Robert Wachter, A Giant Leap — How AI is Transforming Healthcare & What That Means for Our Future

Special • 2026

Dr. Robert Wachter examines the future of artificial intelligence being used in healthcare. The Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco hosts this event.

Dr. Khameer Kidia, Empire of Madness — Reimagining Western Mental Health Care for Everyone New

Special • 2026

Physician and anthropologist Khameer Kidia argues that Western mental healthcare treats the symptoms instead of the causes of mental illness. Politics & Prose in Washington, D.C., hosts this event.

Jennifer Wright, Glitz, Glam and a Damn Good Time

Special • 2026

Author Jennifer Wright describes how Marion Mamie Fish shaped history during the Gilded Age by exerting her influence on business, politics, family relationships, and social change through elaborate social gatherings.

Heather Ann Thompson, Fear and Fury

Special • 2026

Pulitzer Prize-winning author Heather Ann Thompson discusses the 1984 subway shootings of four black teenagers by subway vigilante Bernie Goetz and how the incident exposed racial fault lines in America.

Trevor Reed, Retribution

Special • 2026

Former U.S. Marine Trevor Reed discusses his 2019 arrest and imprisonment in Russia and his decision to volunteer in war against the Russians in Ukraine after his release.

Gov. Gavin Newsom D-CA, Young Man in a Hurry

Special • 2026

Gavin Newsom - a Democrat and the 40th governor of California - talks about his memoir and life in politics.

America’s Book Club

Series • 2026

Cal Ripken Jr.

Episode 1

Baseball hall of famer Cal Ripken Jr. joins David M. Rubenstein to discuss his legendary career and his work as a bestselling author, and gives viewers a tour of memorabilia from his decades in baseball.

America’s Book Club

Series • 2026

The Treasures with Cal Ripken Jr.

Episode 2

Cal Ripken Jr. views memorabilia from his legendary baseball career.

Dennis Prager, if There Is No God

Special • 2026

Joel Alperson, assistant to Dennis Prager, talks about Mr. Prager's book on the battle between religious morality and secularism. Mr. Prager, who has been paralyzed from the neck down since 2024, provides a video statement.

Oliver James, Unread — A Memoir of Learning and Loving to Read on TikTok

Special • 2026

Oliver James, who was functionally illiterate, describes learning to read at age 32 and documenting that journey on TikTok. Copperfield's Books in Petaluma, CA, hosts this event.

Q & A

Series • 2026

Author Nicholas Boggs on Writer James Baldwin's Life & Work

Episode 3

Nicholas Boggs discusses the personal life and activism of American writer James Baldwin (1924-1987). Mr. Boggs, who spent over 20 years working on James Baldwin: A Love Story, also talks about Baldwin's many books and life outside the United States.

Andrew Curran, Biography of a Dangerous Idea

Special • 2026

Wesleyan University professor Andrew Curran discusses how the idea of race as a biological category was developed during the Enlightenment. Harvard Bookstore hosts this event.

Dr. Robert Wachter, A Giant Leap — How AI is Transforming Healthcare & What That Means for Our Future

Special • 2026

Dr. Robert Wachter examines the future of artificial intelligence being used in healthcare. The Commonwealth Club of California in San Francisco hosts this event.

Dr. Khameer Kidia, Empire of Madness — Reimagining Western Mental Health Care for Everyone

Special • 2026

Physician and anthropologist Khameer Kidia argues that Western mental healthcare treats the symptoms instead of the causes of mental illness. Politics & Prose in Washington, D.C., hosts this event.

Jennifer Wright, Glitz, Glam and a Damn Good Time

Special • 2026

Author Jennifer Wright describes how Marion Mamie Fish shaped history during the Gilded Age by exerting her influence on business, politics, family relationships, and social change through elaborate social gatherings.

Heather Ann Thompson, Fear and Fury

Special • 2026

Pulitzer Prize-winning author Heather Ann Thompson discusses the 1984 subway shootings of four black teenagers by subway vigilante Bernie Goetz and how the incident exposed racial fault lines in America.

Trevor Reed, Retribution

Special • 2026

Former U.S. Marine Trevor Reed discusses his 2019 arrest and imprisonment in Russia and his decision to volunteer in war against the Russians in Ukraine after his release.

Gov. Gavin Newsom D-CA, Young Man in a Hurry

Special • 2026

Gavin Newsom - a Democrat and the 40th governor of California - talks about his memoir and life in politics.

America’s Book Club

Series • 2026

Cal Ripken Jr.

Episode 1

Baseball hall of famer Cal Ripken Jr. joins David M. Rubenstein to discuss his legendary career and his work as a bestselling author, and gives viewers a tour of memorabilia from his decades in baseball.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Prime Minister’s Questions New

Series • 1998

The British Prime Minister answers questions from members of Parliament in the House of Commons.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Reel America

Series • 2025

Eagle Has Landed - 1969

Episode 37

This 1969 NASA documentary detailed the first NASA mission to land two men on the moon.

The History of the Space Program

Special • 2026

In 1957, the beeps from Sputnik, a small Russian satellite, sent the USSR & US into a space race. Teasel Muir-Harmony of the Air & Space Museum chronicles the history of space travel and how the U.S. landed on the Moon and how we're going back in 20.

Reel America

Series • 2024

Science Reporter -- Suited for Space -- 1966

Episode 8

NASA looks at the development of space suits beginning with the Mercury program and up until 1966.

Q & A

Series • 2025

Former NASA Flight Director Eugene Kranz on the History of America's Space Program

Episode 46

Eugene Gene Kranz shares stories from his 34 years at NASA's Mission Control, beginning in 1960.

History of the Space Program in Photos

Special • 2025

The author Andy Saunders discusses Earthrise, the Moon landings, and the Apollo 13.

Q & A

Series • 2026

Air & Space Museum's Teasel Muir-Harmony on the History of the U.S. Space Program

Episode 4

The Smithsonian Air and Space Museum's Teasel Muir-Harmony discusses the history of the U.S. space program, from the creation of NASA in 1958 to Neil Armstrong walking on the moon in 1969, and the missions that followed.

Reel America

Series • 2020

Houston, We've Got a Problem

Episode 29

A NASA mission crisis nearly left three Apollo 13 astronauts stranded in space.

Career of Former NASA Flight Director Gerald Griffin

Special • 2026

American History TV interviews former NASA flight director Gerald Griffin on his career in the American space program from the Gemini program to the Shuttle missions. He worked with NASA from 1964-1986.

Reel America New

Series • 2026

Skylab Mission

This NASA film showcases the Skylab space station mission that ran from 1973 to 1974. Astronaut crews conducted scientific experiments on board Skylab to test whether humans could live and work in space.

C-SPAN Tours the National Air & Space Museum

Special • 2025

C-SPAN tours the Smithsonian's National Air & Space Museum in Washington, D.C., where we look at Apollo 11's lunar lander, Charles Lindbergh's plane that flew across the Atlantic, the X-15 that Neil Armstrong flew, and much more.

Reel America

Series • 2023

Reel America Voyager II's Rendezvous With Saturn 1986

Episode 5

A U.S. Information Agency video from 1986 shows discoveries photographed by Voyager II.

Reel America

Series • 2026

Planet Mars - 1979 NASA Film

1979 NASA film about the history of efforts to explore Mars including the 1964-1971 Mariner fly-bys and the Viking landings in 1976.

Reel America

Series • 2026

Women Working in NASA's Space Program - 1981

Narrated by Ricardo Montalban, this 1981 NASA film features women employed by NASA in a variety of specialized fields.

American History TV

Series • 2009

People and events that help document the American story.

Reel America

Series • 2021

Space Shuttle -- Mission to the Future -- 1981

Episode 54

A NASA film explains the space shuttle program using a simulated flight of Columbia.

Reel America

Series • 2021

The 25th Year -- 1983

Episode 55

A 1983 NASA film documents the history of the space agency's achievements.

Reel America

Series • 2021

Space Shuttle -- A Remarkable Flying Machine

Episode 57

A NASA documentary covers the April 12, 1981, launch of the first space shuttle, Columbia.

Pres. Reagan Address on 1986 Space Shuttle Challenger Explosion

Special • 2026

On January 28th, 1986, President Reagan addressed the nation following the loss of the Space Shuttle Challenger. Earlier that day, the Challenger exploded 73 seconds after liftoff, killing all seven crew members.

The History of the Space Program

Special • 2026

In 1957, the beeps from Sputnik, a small Russian satellite, sent the USSR & US into a space race. Teasel Muir-Harmony of the Air & Space Museum chronicles the history of space travel and how the U.S. landed on the Moon and how we're going back in 20.

History of the Space Program in Photos

Special • 2025

The author Andy Saunders discusses Earthrise, the Moon landings, and the Apollo 13.

Lectures in History

Series • 2013

Classroom lectures on American history.

American History TV

Series • 2009

People and events that help document the American story.

Reel America

Series • 2020

Houston, We've Got a Problem

Episode 29

A NASA mission crisis nearly left three Apollo 13 astronauts stranded in space.

Career of Former NASA Flight Director Gerald Griffin

Special • 2026

American History TV interviews former NASA flight director Gerald Griffin on his career in the American space program from the Gemini program to the Shuttle missions. He worked with NASA from 1964-1986.

Reel America

Series • 2026

1976 Air & Space Museum Dedication Ceremony

President Gerald Ford gives remarks and presides over a ribbon cutting ceremony to open the Air & Space Museum on the National Mall.

C-SPAN Tours the National Air & Space Museum

Special • 2025

C-SPAN tours the Smithsonian's National Air & Space Museum in Washington, D.C., where we look at Apollo 11's lunar lander, Charles Lindbergh's plane that flew across the Atlantic, the X-15 that Neil Armstrong flew, and much more.

Reel America

Series • 2026

Planet Mars - 1979 NASA Film

1979 NASA film about the history of efforts to explore Mars including the 1964-1971 Mariner fly-bys and the Viking landings in 1976.

Reel America

Series • 2026

Women Working in NASA's Space Program - 1981

Narrated by Ricardo Montalban, this 1981 NASA film features women employed by NASA in a variety of specialized fields.

Reel America

Series • 2021

Space Shuttle -- Mission to the Future -- 1981

Episode 54

A NASA film explains the space shuttle program using a simulated flight of Columbia.

Reel America

Series • 2021

Space Shuttle -- A Remarkable Flying Machine

Episode 57

A NASA documentary covers the April 12, 1981, launch of the first space shuttle, Columbia.

Reel America

Series • 2021

The 25th Year -- 1983

Episode 55

A 1983 NASA film documents the history of the space agency's achievements.

The History of the Space Program

Special • 2026

In 1957, the beeps from Sputnik, a small Russian satellite, sent the USSR & US into a space race. Teasel Muir-Harmony of the Air & Space Museum chronicles the history of space travel and how the U.S. landed on the Moon and how we're going back in 20.

American History TV

Series • 2009

People and events that help document the American story.

Book TV

Series • 1998

Non-fiction books and authors.

Book TV

Series • 1998

Non-fiction books and authors.

America’s Book Club

Series • 2025

David M. Rubenstein hosts conversations with leading authors, policymakers and cultural figures.

Book TV

Series • 1998

Non-fiction books and authors.

Book TV

Series • 1998

Non-fiction books and authors.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Prime Minister’s Questions New

Series • 1998

The British Prime Minister answers questions from members of Parliament in the House of Commons.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.

Public Affairs Events

Series • 2016

Public affairs events, congressional hearings, speeches, and interviews.